Setup Debian 11 server to host Magento

1.1 Update and upgrade the system

First, update your package lists and upgrade the system:

bash

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade -y

1.2 Install necessary packages

Install the necessary packages including Apache, MySQL, PHP and their extensions:

bash

sudo apt install apache2 mariadb-server libapache2-mod-php
sudo apt install php7.4 php7.4-mysql php7.4-dom php7.4-simplexml php7.4-ssh2 php7.4-xml php7.4-xmlreader php7.4-curl php7.4-exif php7.4-ftp php7.4-gd php7.4-iconv php7.4-imagick php7.4-json php7.4-mbstring php7.4-posix php7.4-sockets php7.4-tokenizer

1.3 Configure MySQL (MariaDB)

Next, secure your MariaDB installation:

bash

sudo mysql_secure_installation

Answer the prompts as appropriate for your setup.

Now, log in to the MariaDB shell and create a database and user for Magento:

bash

sudo mariadb

Inside the MariaDB shell, run:

sql

CREATE DATABASE magento;
GRANT ALL ON magento.* TO 'magento'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
EXIT;

Replace 'password' with a strong password.

1.4 Download and install Composer

Composer is a tool for dependency management in PHP. Magento 2 uses Composer for package management. Install it by running:

bash

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
sudo mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

1.5 Install Magento

You can install Magento via Composer. But before doing that, you need to get authentication keys from the Magento Marketplace. Go to the Magento Marketplace, log in and create a new access key. You will get a public key (username) and a private key (password).

Now, navigate to the directory where you want to install Magento and use Composer to install it:

bash

cd /var/www/
composer create-project --repository-url=https://repo.magento.com/ magento/project-community-edition magento

During the installation process, Composer will ask for the authentication keys. Enter the keys you obtained from the Magento Marketplace.

After installation, set the appropriate file and folder permissions:

bash

sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/magento
sudo find /var/www/magento -type d -exec chmod 770 {} \;
sudo find /var/www/magento -type f -exec chmod 660 {} \;
sudo chmod u+x /var/www/magento/bin/magento

1.6 Configure Apache

Next, create an Apache configuration file for Magento:

bash

sudo nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/magento.conf

In the file, add:

apache

<VirtualHost *:80>
    DocumentRoot /var/www/magento/
    <Directory /var/www/magento/>
        Options Indexes FollowSymLinks MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
    </Directory>
    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/magento_error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/magento_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

Save the file and exit the editor. Enable the new site and the Apache rewrite module:

bash

sudo a2ensite magento.conf
sudo a2enmod rewrite

Restart Apache to apply the changes:

bash

sudo systemctl restart apache2

Now, you should have a working Magento installation.

Next class

Secure the Magento Filesystem 2023-07-11T19:34:35+0000

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